La Serrana de la Vera: a Spanish Wild Woman

 

La Serrana de la VeraIn Spain it´s often difficult to find popular images or concepts of women that don´t lock into the virgen/puta dichotomy.

Prostitution is booming despite, or perhaps because, of the economic crisis, with macroburdeles (brothel complexes) like those in La Jonquera engaged in turf wars over this lucrative business.

And as for saints, heavy, wooden idols of suffering, lace-clad, virginal womanhood abound.

So something different, something that helps evoke the veritable armies of Spanish women who have rejected these two stereotypes – historically and in the present – is noteworthy.

On our recent trip to Extemadura we found that noteworthy something different:  the Serrana of La Vera.  The word serrana comes from sierra (mountain range) and means a woman of rural, highland origins.  We stumbled on her statue after driving through miles of foggy woods in search of the Mirador (look out point) over Cuacos de Yuste.

In the local, popular mythos the Serrana is said to have been a woman named Isabel Carvajal who lived in Garganta de la Olla during the Middle Ages.  After an amorous dispute, in which she lost her faith in marriage, she´s said to have taken to the hills.

Writers such as the prolific Lope de Vega (1562 – 1635) then incorporated the figure of the Serrana into their literary works, inspired by the stories and songs about her in oral cultures.

The Ballad of the Wild Woman

Despite varying versions, the ballad usually tells of a tanned, blonde woman armed with a crossbow or other weapon. When the mood comes upon her, she drags men off to her cave to have sex with them before killing them.

One prisoner, a young serranillo who had been gathering firewood, manages to escape from her cave full of skulls.

The enraged Serrana is fearful the serranillo will reveal the location of her cave and so she pursues him, her sling loaded with a huge boulder.  She succeeds in knocking off the young man´s cap made of  good, fine cloth and though he laments the loss of it, nothing would induce him to go back and retrieve it from the wild creature whom he describes as a beautiful woman from the waist up and a mare from the waist down!

 

La Serrana de la Vera

Performance poster

I like this story.  But before I get hate mail accusing me of being a feminazi, I should clarify that, of course, the Serrana is hardly a model for contemporary women. Yet the principle of rebellion which she embodies is refreshing, even if she is vilified in the ballad for her crimes.

And I´m not alone in my fascination. As of 2010, the town of Garganta de la Olla has celebrated a yearly Serrana de la Vera Day, complete with dramatisations of her life.

Now a tourist attraction, to my mind the Serrana is every bit as good a draw as the tearful, submissive and passive Virgins paraded on high throughout Spain and the brothel tourism that attracts customers from across the French border.

Outwith the control of men, a legendary transgressor who was the mistress of her own destiny, the Serrana is a reminder that women can, and will, oppose a repressive social system such as the one still prevalent in Spain today, despite all the freedoms we´re supposed to enjoy in our “post-feminist” world.

Here´s a version of the ballad.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Clever, Accomplished, Sexy Woman Who Makes Her Own Money Seeks Downright Ugly, Dumpy, Grumpy, Big-mouthed Guy Half Her Height and Double Her Age For Nights of Passion

The ideal couple – and I´m not kidding!

2012 is over, thank the stars, and the carnage of  MalalaMiriam and “The Daughter of India”,  whose vagina was penetrated by an iron bar during rape, is behind us.

So as we head into 2013, by all accounts destined to be Spain´s worst year since the Invincible Armada bottomed up off the coast of Ireland, TV stations aim to bolster our spirits before the coming fray with cheery,  Año Nuevo programmes.

The ideal life is projected before us,  happiness, abundance, beauty, couture, a “leggy blonde in a long dress” and:

 ¡Chicote!  The nearest, human equivalent to a meatball with legs, even if he is a renowned chef  (in a world in which nearly all the cooking is done by women who don´t look like Sandra Sabatés).

So here´s a little quiz to keep you busy over the New Year.  What´s the relationship between the first paragraph above (the one with the carnage) and the photograph above it (the one with the carne)?

Here´s a video to help you along.

¡Feliz feminista 2013 a tod@s!

A Woman´s Right to Lose

I´m going to start with a common phrase in Spanish, sin pelos en la lengua, without hairs on my tongue.  It means to speak clearly, directly and sincerely – whether it bothers people or not.  If you did have hairs on your tongue, it would be like trying to explain yourself with a fat quarter of harris tweed in your mouth.

Ineffectual.

I´m going to try to be …  er … effectual.

Gallardón (literally “big, gallant, splendid guy”).

The Spanish Minister of (Divine) Justice, Alberto Ruiz-Gallardón, has decided that fetal malformación should not be a cause for abortion.

Bolstered by a landslide victory last November and a majority in the Parliament (that bar room brawling floor on which Spaniards´ civil and human rights are currently being jodidos, ie. screwed) Gallardón intends to reform the 2010 Abortion Act passed by Zapatero´s Socialist government.

This Act was in keeping with fundamental sexual and reproductive health rights established by the World Health Organization and was based on a time-limit model favoured by most European countries. It made the provision that,  should severe fetal anomalies be detected, there would be no time limit for abortion.

Now, however, Gallardón deems it expedient that Spanish women bring greater numbers of severely disabled children into the earthly paradise that is Spain.

Bosch´s Hell

And we can count ourselves lucky that he isn´t up for totally banning abortion, as it has been for the greater part of modern Spanish history.

Hangers-On

Of course, Gallardón has his supporters.  In a Telecinco debate recently, two gym-toned, siliconed, cabin-tanned, blonde-dyed, designer-clad PP groupies defended the Minister´s proposal before an opponent of the Act called Maribel García.

Despite legislation permitting a termination up to 22 weeks, Maribel was not offered the option of a termination despite many markers during pregnancy indicating that her child would be born so severely disabled he would be incompatible con la vida.

Had she had that option, she would have taken it. Her son Alejandro, now ten, has a disability of 97%.  He has to be spoon-fed, is wheel-chair bound, lacks genitals, cannot speak or walk, requires 24/7 care, sleeps with an oxygen mask, suffers physical and emotional pain and has been in hospital hundreds of times.

Maribel – with her real knowledge of such extreme disability – expressed extreme dismay that termination will soon become an option denied all women in her situation.  She  threw cold water on the claims of the two vociferous peperas (who obviously spend their time at the beauty salon or de plató en plató, from one TV studio to another) and their much-touted “respect for life.”

In the current economic and political climate:

  • the public health service is being dismantled
  • the Ley de Dependencia (care for dependents) is being slashed
  • wheelchair users and other disabled people are surrounded by public, physical barriers to autonomy
  • the Civil War Memoria Histórica movement has been moved off the political agenda
  • hundreds of people are struggling to have Church workers put on trial for stealing babies for adoption

Respect for life?  Is this meant to be some kind of sick joke?

A Woman´s Right to Vamoose

Yet again, Spanish women´s hard-won rights are under attack since women are usually the first casualties of a shrinking labour market.  The common strategy of conservative regimes is to force them back into the home – taking care of the very dependents created by adverse social policies.  Gallardón´s proposal is an expression of this aim.  He has no intrinsic interest in the fate of the disabled.

Fortunately, Gallardón´s despropósito (mad proposal) has been contested by womens´ organizations such as COMPI – (Coordinadora de Organizaciones de Mujeres Para La Participación Y La Igualdad) and by medical experts.

Javier Esparza is an eminent practitioner in the field of  Infant Neuroscience.  In an Open Letter, this neurosurgeon has laid out the terrible consequences of such a reform, with particular emphasis on the suffering of children with congenital nervous system malformations like hydrocephalus and spina bifida.

Esparza´s description of the suffering of severely disabled children is echoed by Gloria Muñoz, mother of Alba who only lived for seven months, in physical pain, from the rare condition, Spinal Muscular Atrophy.  She states that if she was pregnant with such a severely disabled child again she would go abroad to have an abortion.

Political Hypocrisy

And this is really the issue.  The Minister knows that Spanish women who do not want to continue with such pregnancies – and can afford to fly to London –  will be forced into the so-called “abortion tourism” that was rife during the dictatorship.

Women who support Gallardón out of party political, rather than humanitarian, motives are particularly hypocritical.  How many of them will be sacrificing their comfortable lives to the care of a dependent?  No, they´ll be off to London for a termination and a designer handbag.

Keep your theology off my biology

Gallardón´s proposal is not about morality or spirituality but hierarchy, power and control.  It´s not about babies and cute, cuddly toys but enslaving women and men to the care of  individuals to the extent that the struggle for the material requirements of life annihilates their energy for culture, thought or opinion – especially political opinion.

It is disempowerment, especially since the Spaniards now living with such difficult conditions receive little or no support from a government which purportedly defends their rights.

 

Read a reply to the neurosurgeon´s Open Letter from Marta Mezquita, a lawyer with a complex disability.  She raises many points with Esparza, yet still defends the right of women to choose a termination.

A crown of thorns for your kids to colour in.

Suffer the little children to colour me

What I really hate about big, strong Gallardón´s idea is that it is the political use of a tortured and twisted Christianity based on the veneration of suffering and the acceptance of a victim status.

What is truly appalling is that he is never going to find himself in the situation he seeks to impose on others.  Far from brave, it´s cowardice in the extreme, especially since it´s aimed at a collective – women-  he regards as weak.

It´s the Dark Ages,  a macho ibérico, self-serving and paternalistic strategy aimed at aborting the gains of the Spanish transition to democracy.

And it leaves us all politically disabled.

Sexism and Spanish

cuatro mujeres de Dios

As I promised – though I´m now heart-sorry I did, since I´m not qualified for the  subject – here are some further thoughts on Spanish as a sexist language.

Keeping in mind Kaley´s accurate contention that languages aren´t sexist, people are, I do want to argue that Spanish encapsulates sexist elements that should be changed.

 

Some linguists make very clear statements to this effect:

 ”Spanish leads the Romanc e languages in using derivatives of male kinship terms for female relatives” Source

So we have tío, tía, abuelo, abuela, hermano, hermana, and so on, when in French and Italian there are different words to designate the female, such as frère and soeur and fratello and sorella.

Since most nouns that were neuter in Latin came into Spanish as masculine nouns, these outnumber the feminine ones. The Roman Empire was a patriarchy (like most societies) in which women were, if not chattels, second-class citizens. This bias is, of course, reflected in language.

Scott Thornberry notes:

“That the masculine is the default form in Spanish accounts for all sorts of oddities, such as the fact that a parents’ association in Spain is una asociación de padres, even though the only people who attend are las madres.  Or that, when you walk up to a crowded stall in the market, you ask ¿Quién es el último? (Who’s the [masculine] last?), even if the bulk of those in line are women.”

Yet, given that language is, if nothing else, economical, doubling up won´t do. As I said in my last post, it´s redundant and long-winded to keep repeating ciudadanos y ciudadanasdelegados y delegadasniños y niñas, not to mention downright feo!

Something else to consider is the kind of substructure over which Latin was placed.   What influence did the Iberian languages have on how Latin was assimilated? I´d be interested to hear from linguists on this point (en casa del herrero ….).

A further point to consider is that language doesn´t exist in a vacuum but embedded into a complex  interplay of socio-cultural factors.  See, for example this quotation from grammarian of Spanish, M. Montrose Ramsay. His choice of nouns with which to illustrate his point betrays his own sexist bias:

“Names and designations of men, and the males of many animals, are masculine irrespective of termination:  el monarca, el cardenal, el cura, el centinela, el caballo, el león.  Similarly, designation of females are feminine:  la reina, la ninfa, la hurí, la lavandera, la vaca, la gallina”.

So men are monarchs, powerful clergy and strong, lion-hearted beasts and  women are (with the exception of the Queen, subjugated to the King) nymphs, houris, (sensual alluring women), scrubbers and cowardly, scatter-brained cows and hens!

This “lexical sexism”  is also reflected in many terms in Spanish that are positive when referring to males and negative when referring to females.

For example, and we know them already: un cualquiera is a guy, but una cualquiera is a prostitute (or woman regarded by men as not complying with her socio-sexual functions of virgin, wife and mother).

Un perro is “man´s” best friend (can´t a woman have a dog?) but una perra is, you guessed it, a whore.

 

Check out the fantastic book at the top of this post for other derogatory terms applied to women, apart from “Whore”. Written by Guy Bechtel and entitled, Las cuatro mujeres de Dios, it´s one of the best books on gender-bias that I ever read, discussing, as it does, the four kinds of woman contemplated by the Vatican – la puta, la bruja, la santa, and la tonta.  I´d add two more from personal experience, la loca (self-explanatory) and la guarra – the woman who doesn´t keep her house clean (read be a skivvy to a house full of men).

Perhaps the Real Academic Española is increasingly aware nowadays of the many sexist pitfalls in Spanish but their worries about the incorporation of “unnatural” elements to correct the sexist imbalance seems not to extend to anglicisms such as “overbooking,” – much less natural to Spaniards, never mind the thousands of Arab and French loan words throughout its history.

It is interesting, then, that Spaniards have felt the need to elaborate the non-sexist style guides to which Ignacio Bosque referred.  Yet, as I said in my last post, the recommendations are too extreme to be workable.

Here are some parodic examples written by Spaniards unhappy with extreme approaches.  Gorka Larrabeiti, writing at Rebelión offers this:

Lxs signxs ortográficxs libertarixs y la arroba de “ querid@s compañer@s” son subversivos sólo ortográficamente pero no afectan al sistema morfológico.

And Teresa de Santos has this proposal:

“Mi pripiisti

Il itri dii, primití ini pripiisti piri tirminir quin il priblimi dil sixismi in li linguii: Quiindi yi iri piquiñi, in mi piibli, jiguíbimis i isti jiigui: hiblir sili quin ini viquil. Iri mii divirtidi.”

Is this what we want?  Clearly not.   Not only do these examples impair intelligibility, but since language is made by speakers, not by decree, grammarians or idealogues, they wouldn´t work.

I think we have to remember that languages change slowly – over centuries – in symbiosis with society and that this debate is a healthy facet of the changing social roles of women in Spain since the Transición.

“Spain has already had one government half made up of women, the female sex is highly visible in most top professions, and the country is one of the most active in the world in campaigning against domestic violence”. Source

So, as with most things, sexism has to be challenged on all fronts, not just the linguistic one, and it can be done incrementally. My plan is to choose a few simple strategies to start wiping my Spanish clean of gender bias.

Here´s how.

  • If I hear something that seems feasible, I´ll use it. Years ago a vet described my cat as dominanta. I liked this a lot and used it but I was told that it didn´t exist in the feminine. Not yet, is the answer to that one!
  • If there´s a non-biased, collective noun that can avoid doubling up, I´ll use it.  So instead of ciudadanos y ciudadanas, I´ll use ciudadanía.
  • If there are more women in any gathering than men I´ll ditch the masculine default and use the feminine. So no more nosotros in a group of five women and one man. It´ll be nosotras from now on.  My hubby informs me he already uses  vosotras when addressing a group of people mainly comprised of women.
To conclude, if we want language – Spanish or any other one – to uphold the dignity of women we should all start to make some small changes today and maybe, just maybe, our daughters´ grand-daughters will speak, and be spoken about, in a language that respects them.

 

 

 

 

From Immaculate to Fornicate: A Tale of Grannies and Grammies

Virgin/Whore illustration

From mass to crass

I had a very interesting Saturday night recently.  It was all about mass phenomena …. half past seven Mass in a chapel, then a televised programme for the masses!

The first performance took place in a lovely church dedicated to San Sebastián, Mártir, right after Mass (attended only to get a seat for the concert) and the second was the last half hour of the televised Grammy Latinos.

Although apparently very different, I found similarities in both.  The live concert of classical música sacra by the wonderful Choir and Chamber Orchestra on the altar of a church and the pop, música profana concert in Las Vegas on a commercial station were two ex pressions of the same old song: the sacred and the profane.

From grannyfest to fannyfest

Despite their  fantastic singing voices, the women in both events personified the male-assigned roles of Maria or Magdalena, the Virgin/Mother or the Whore.  In both lo femenino was accessory, and lo masculino, dead centre.

A young priest urged his motherly, middle-aged and granny flock, past their child-bearing days, to invite the Señor into their homes this Christmas.  This was against a central backdrop dominated by a huge crucifix depicting the almost naked Christ´s suffering and the equally nude and bloody sacrifice of  Saint Sebastian, Martyr.

Victims of male violence – and eye candy for sadomasochistic, homosexual priests – their sacrifice is  presented as exemplary, while the daily sacrifice of women to bring up their children in cultures full of male violence – fifty eight Spanish women have been murdered by their partners this year – was invisible.

Maybe we should be inviting the Señora to our Christmas tables rather than another male.

The glorious classical music concert which followed (all-male composers, of course) continued with the exaltation of the male.  There was a Gloria, but it turned out to be an exhortation and not a girl´s name.  Carl Orff entitled his fantastic work Carmina Burana and I thought for a second it might be about some talented woman, since there is a mention of the pagan Queen Hecuba. But she´s vilified for putting out folks´ eyes and barking like a bitch and the other female presence, the Roman goddess of Fortune, is blamed for all of life´s woes.

The outstanding choir sopranos, in their long, decorous skirts, essentially evoked the Maria flank of the Virgin/Whore dichotomy.  My daughter, young and impressionable, was singularly unimpressed and bored to death.  I thought she might fall asleep.

From snoring to whoring

Over at the Las Vegas Latin Grammys, the female role model was Magdalena, la puta.  Male performers in outerwear draped Her, disrobed, around themselves, bought and paid for, just like the crass, materialistic bling on their necks and wrists.

My daughter, young and yada, yada, yada adored it.

In this temple of the subjugation of the female to male sexual desire, fired by the ostentation of unlimited wealth, prostitution was glorified to a frenzied and positively gynocological climax with Marc Anthony´s Rain Over Me “feat” with the vicious Pitbull.  It was definitely not raining men, here, but hot, wet bitches in wild animal print bikinis, doing the predictable, spreadleg, strip-club business over chairs. The audience positively yelped in heat.

No wonder they call it show business.  It was almost all on display.

It seems that Marc Anthony, fresh from his ball-breaking divorce from bump, grind and what a behind, J. Lo., needs his self-esteem shoring up, particularly given Jenny from the block´s “dancing for Papi” vedettery at the American Music Awards with none other than the great pimp himself, Pitbull.  Well, he says it in the song: next thing you know, we were playing with three…

There were a lot more than three raining down. It seems Pitbull doesn´t read the newspapers or watch the Mexican station, Televisa, or he´d know that there´s no glamour in the coercive sex trade and that most pros would rather piss on their clients than rain on them.  Prostitution is an “industry” run by men for men and one requiring male violence to function – a point he does seem to get, given his choice of “artistic” name, epitomising the dog´s need to control its bitches through fear.

Are these the values that Pitbull wants Latinos to take to the White House when he raps that, “Latin is the new majority, ya tu sabes, next step la Casa Blanca?”

I hear César Chávez, a lifelong activist for Latino civil rights, turning in his tumba along with the silence of the still active Chicana feminist, Dolores Huerta, not getting a soundbite.

Arguably, lo femenino was occasionally centre stage at the Grammys since Shakira won the Female Pop Vocal Album for the Spanish-language Sale El Sol. Yet her performance was essentially the embodiment of the animalistic, shimmy shaking Whore.  Last year she sold us the pussy-parading shewolf, la loba, and now we have her relamiéndose (drooling) over her tigre, all wrapped up in the locura of crazy, unbridled, female desire.

Just what Daddy wants.

There was a brief moment in which Shakira´s motherly, caring role with deprived children was highlighted to much whooping approval. And let´s face it, the most famous hips in Latindom have certainly got child-bearing potential, especially after all that fornication. But then it was back to Babylon.

Or oblivion.  Even the epic song, Latinoamérica, by Grammy winners, Calle 13, replete with Latino social values is a paean to patriarchy: Soy lo que me enseñó mi padre. El que no quiera a su patria no quiere a su madre. I am what my father taught me. He who does not love his fatherland, does not love his mother.

If this wasn´t so tragic it would be funny.  If it wasn´t for Latina women, Latino men, with their armies, revolutions, golpes de estado, drug-trafficking, sicario murderers, corruption, Uncle Samism, totalitarian governments, gangs, private fiefdoms and guerrilla groups would all have murdered each other by now and most of the women and children as well.

From maternalismo to machismo

While the events of that Saturday night may appear chaotic, they´re not. They are aspects of a binary value system that has endured for millenia and will continue to do so unless we do something about it.

Happily, some people were doing something about it.  There was one real feat going on and it was the Choir of literally stand-up singers, gals and guys, on the church altar. They had rehearsed for months to gift us with two hours of their supposedly “amateur” talent and outshone the mamonería of “professional,” barely literate, millionaire rap gangsters in their Vegas brothel.

It´s easy to say that these female roles, virgin, mother and whore, are archetypes, deeply embedded in the human psyche.  I disagree. They´re stereotypes, deeply embedded in an unequal sociocultural structure, whether this be Anglo or Latin or, as is most probable, a new fusion of American materialism with Latino machismo.

Yet they´re not immutable and women and men can – and will –   eventually be recognized as complex, talented individuals.